As June begins, we approach the transitional period between spring and summer, symbolized by a figurative horizon. In the Northern Hemisphere, we are currently experiencing the longest daylight hours of the year leading up to the summer solstice. Moreover, an intriguing sunspot can be observed on the surface of our beloved star, attracting the attention of people worldwide. Although the summer skies tend to be hazy, hindering celestial observations, there are still numerous phenomena to behold during the nights of June.
Starting with June 1 and 2, Mars will pass through the Beehive star cluster, also known as M44. In the crabby constellation Cancer, Mars will appear as a vivid red ruby surrounded by sparkling diamonds, offering a captivating spectacle. To locate Mars, begin by spotting the bright planet Venus in the western sky. On one side of Venus, you'll notice two bright stars known as the twin stars of Gemini, Castor, and Pollux. Above Venus, Pollux, and Castor, Mars will be visible as a reddish light. With the aid of binoculars and a dark sky, you may also discern a scattering of stars near Mars. The Beehive cluster, located around 557 light-years away, serves as the home to at least two planets.
On June 3/4, we will witness the Full Strawberry Moon, which marks the brightest phase of the moon during this spring. The Strawberry Moon will make its appearance from the evening of Friday, June 2, and continue until the morning of Monday, June 5. Look towards the southeast shortly after sunset to witness the moon rise above the horizon. This full moon typically signifies the end of spring or the beginning of summer. Interestingly, the name "Strawberry Moon" does not describe its color but rather refers to the ripening of "June-bearing" strawberries, indicating a time of abundance. Various Native American tribes, such as the Algonquian, Ojibwe, Dakota, and Lakota peoples, have long used this term to denote a period of great harvest, giving thanks for the first fruits of the season.
June 7 marks the peak of the Arietid meteor shower, an event that will last until June 17. Although the Arietids are challenging to observe due to meteors streaking across the sky during daylight hours, skywatchers may catch a glimpse if they look towards the constellation Aries just before dawn.
Similarly, on June 10, we will experience the peak of the Zeta Perseid meteor shower, another daytime meteor shower in June. Unlike the well-known Perseid meteor shower that occurs in August, the zeta Perseids are more difficult to see. To catch a few meteors, observers should direct their gaze 5 degrees above the horizon at sunrise.
On June 21 at 10:58 a.m. EDT, the Northern Hemisphere officially welcomes the summer solstice, which signifies the beginning of summer. During this time, the sun follows its northernmost path across the sky. At the solstice, the Earth's North Pole is tilted approximately 23.5 degrees towards the sun, resulting in the shortest day of the year with around 16 hours of daylight in some parts of the Northeast. Following the solstice, the sun appears to reverse its direction, moving southward until the next solstice in December.
Finally, on June 27, we will witness the maximum of the Bootid Meteor Shower. Although the meteor shower begins on June 22 and lasts until July 2, its peak rate of meteors is expected around 7 PM EDT on June 27. Look for the constellation Bootes just above the horizon to catch sight of the Bootid meteors. The moon will be in its first quarter phase during the peak of the shower and will set around 1:30 a.m., minimizing light interference during the later hours of the night. The Bootid meteor shower is caused by the comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke.
As with most celestial observations, the same guidelines apply this month: Find a dark location away from city lights, allow your eyes to adjust to the darkness for about 30 minutes, and then simply relax and appreciate the wonders of the summer skies.
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